PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.
